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Verd antique
Verd antique (obsolete French, from Italian, ''verde antico'', "ancient green"), or verde antique, is a serpentinite breccia〔Hager, Albert D. and Billings, E. ''Report on the Economical Geology, Physical Geography and Scenery of Vermont.'' Claremont, N.H.: Claremont Manufacturing Co., 1862, p. 50.〕 popular since ancient times as a decorative facing stone. It is a dark, dull green, white-mottled (or white-veined) serpentine, mixed with calcite, dolomite, or magnesite, which takes a high polish.〔Schumann, Walter. ''Gemstones of the World.'' Rev. and exp. 4th ed. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, 2009, p. 218.〕 It is sometimes classed, erroneously, as a variety of marble ("serpentine marble", "Connemara marble", "Moriah stone", etc.). It has also been called and marketed as "ophicalcite" or "ophite".〔Dedyne, Roger and Quintens, Ivo. ''Tables of Gemstone Identification.'' Gent, Belgium: Glirico, 2007, p. 73.〕
Non-brecciated varieties of a very similar serpentinite, sometimes also called "verd antique", have been quarried at Victorville, California;〔MacFall, Russell P. ''Gem Hunter's Guide.'' New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1975, p. 140.〕 Cardiff, Maryland;〔"Notes From the Stone Fields." ''Stone.'' 35:1 (January 1914), p. 50.〕 and Rochester in Addison County, Vermont.〔Hitchcock, Edward. ''Report on the Geology of Vermont: Descriptive, Theoretical, Economical, and Scenographical.'' Proctorsville, Vt.: Vermont State Legislature, 1861, p. 534.〕
==Uses==
Verd antique is used like marble especially in interior decoration and occasionally as outdoor trim, although the masses are frequently jointed and often only small slabs can be secured. It was known to the ancient Romans and was quarried especially at Casambala, near Larissa, Thessaly, in Greece.〔DeJongh, Brian; Gandon, John; and Graham-Bell, Geoffrey. ''The Companion Guide to Mainland Greece.'' Woodbridge, Conn.: Companion Guides, 2000, p. 153.〕 Verd antique was much used by the monumental builders of the Byzantine Empire and by the Ottomans after them. The term "verd antique" has been documented in English texts as early as 1745.
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